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The intracerebral route can also interrupt the blood brain barrier from holding up against subsequent routes. [19] Intracerebroventricular (into the cerebral ventricles) administration into the ventricular system of the brain. One use is as a last line of opioid treatment for terminal cancer patients with intractable cancer pain. [20]
Midodrine, also known as 3,6-dimethoxy-β-hydroxy-N-aminoethanonyl-2-phenylethylamine, is a substituted phenethylamine derivative. [4] Midodrine is an odorless, white, crystalline powder, soluble in water and sparingly soluble in methanol. [19] Midodrine's experimental log P is -0.5 and its predicted log P ranges from -0.49 to -0.95.
A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted on clinical trials comparing the clinical use of droxidopa and midodrine have found that midodrine was more likely to cause supine hypertension than droxidopa in patients with NOH. Midodrine was also found to be slightly more effective at raising blood pressure but not statistically significantly ...
Many oral forms of medications can be crushed and suspended in water to be given via a rectal catheter. The rectal route of administration is useful for patients with any digestive tract motility problem, such as dysphagia , ileus , or bowel obstruction , that would interfere with the progression of the medication through the tract.
The Macy Catheter is a specialized catheter designed to provide comfortable and discreet administration of ongoing medications via the rectal route. The catheter was developed to make rectal access more practical and provide a way to deliver and retain liquid formulations in the distal rectum so that health practitioners can leverage the established benefits of rectal administration.
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) is a disease of dogs characterized by sudden vomiting and bloody diarrhea. The symptoms are usually severe, and HGE can be fatal if not treated. HGE is most common in young adult dogs of any breed, but especially small dogs such as the Toy Poodle and Miniature Schnauzer. [1] It is not contagious.
His name was cited in one of the earliest documented cases of resuscitation by rectally applied tobacco smoke, from 1746, when a seemingly drowned woman was treated. On the advice of a passing sailor, the woman's husband inserted the stem of the sailor's pipe into her rectum, covered the bowl with a piece of perforated paper, and "blew hard".
Thus, preclinical studies have found that sublingual vaccines can be highly immunogenic and may protect against influenza virus [4] [5] and Helicobacter pylori, [6] but sublingual administration may also be used for vaccines against other infectious diseases. [citation needed]