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The dental follicle, also known as dental sac, is made up of mesenchymal cells and fibres surrounding the enamel organ and dental papilla of a developing tooth. [1] It is a vascular fibrous sac [2] containing the developing tooth and its odontogenic organ. The dental follicle (DF) differentiates into the periodontal ligament.
A condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called the dental sac or follicle surrounds the enamel organ and limits the dental papilla. Eventually, the enamel organ will produce enamel, the dental papilla will produce dentin and pulp, and the dental sac will produce all the supporting structures of a tooth, the periodontium. [1]
Tooth development begins at week 6 in utero, in the oral epithelium. The process is divided into three stages: Initiation; Morphogenesis and; Histogenesis [2]; At the end of week 7 i.u., localised proliferations of cells in the dental laminae form round and oval swellings known as tooth buds, which will eventually develop into mesenchymal cells and surround the enamel organ.
The dental follicle → The ectomesenchymal cells which are part of the fibrous sac that have been formed; The dental papilla → The ectomesenchymal cells which are lying deep to the enamel organ; The enamel organ → purely the epithelial component; The tissues which have been derived from each of the three components are:
The dental papilla contains cells that develop into odontoblasts, which are dentin-forming cells. [27] Additionally, the junction between the dental papilla and inner enamel epithelium determines the crown shape of a tooth. [28] The dental follicle gives rise to three important cells: cementoblasts, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts. Cementoblasts ...
It is thought that the central epithelial tissue of the cervical loop, the stellate reticulum, acts as a stem cell reservoir. In continuously growing teeth such as the rodent incisor the original structure of the cervical loop is maintained and no HERS forms. The stem cells provide the epithelial progeny to sustain the continuous growth.
PDL cells are one of the many cells derived from the dental follicle and this occurs after crown formation is completed and when the roots start developing. These cells will remodel the dental follicle to form the PDL. [5] Formation of PDL will start at the cementoenamel junction and proceeds in an apical direction. [6]
The odontoblastic cell body keeps its tapered structure with cytoskeletal fibres, mainly intermediate filaments. Unlike cartilage and bone, as well as cementum, the odontoblast's cell body does not become entrapped in the product; rather, one long, cytoplasmic attached extension remains behind in the formed dentin. [ 2 ]