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Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a disorder arising from a problem in the inner ear. [3] Symptoms are repeated, brief periods of vertigo with movement, characterized by a spinning sensation upon changes in the position of the head. [1] This can occur with turning in bed or changing position. [3]
[3] [4] Typically, only one ear is affected initially, but over time, both ears may become involved. [3] Episodes generally last from 20 minutes to a few hours. [5] The time between episodes varies. [3] The hearing loss and ringing in the ears can become constant over time. [4]
Dizziness affects approximately 20–40% of people at some point in time, while about 7.5–10% have vertigo. [3] About 5% have vertigo in a given year. [10] It becomes more common with age and affects women two to three times more often than men. [10] Vertigo accounts for about 2–3% of emergency department visits in the developed world. [10]
Cochlear hydrops (or cochlear Meniere's or cochlear endolymphatic hydrops) is a condition of the inner ear involving a pathological increase of fluid affecting the cochlea. This results in swelling that can lead to hearing loss or changes in hearing perception.
Epley maneuver. The Epley maneuver or repositioning maneuver is a maneuver used by medical professionals to treat one common cause of vertigo, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) [1] [needs update] of the posterior or anterior canals of the ear. [2]
In BPPV, the nystagmus typically occurs in A or B only, and is torsional—the fast phase beating toward the lower ear. Its onset is usually delayed a few seconds, and it lasts 10–20 seconds. As the patient is returned to the upright position, transient nystagmus may occur in the opposite direction.
An individual may experience BPPV when rolling over to the left or right, upon getting out of bed in the morning, or when looking up for an object on a high shelf. [4] The cause of BPPV is the presence of normal but misplaced calcium crystals called otoconia , which are normally found in the utricle and saccule (the otolith organs) and are used ...
The vestibular aqueduct acts as a canal between the inner ear and the cranial cavity. Running through it is a tube called the endolymphatic duct, which normally carries a fluid called endolymph from the inner ear to the endolymphatic sac in the cranial cavity. When the endolymphatic duct and sac are larger than normal, as is the case in large ...