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The signs are reversed for the back surface of the lens: R 2 is positive if the surface is concave, and negative if it is convex. This is an arbitrary sign convention; some authors choose different signs for the radii, which changes the equation for the focal length. For a thin lens, d is much smaller than one of the radii of curvature (either ...
For the purposes of ray tracing, this is equivalent to a series of identical thin lenses of focal length f = R/2, each separated from the next by length d. This construction is known as a lens equivalent duct or lens equivalent waveguide.
The transfer-matrix method is a method used in optics and acoustics to analyze the propagation of electromagnetic or acoustic waves through a stratified medium; a stack of thin films. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This is, for example, relevant for the design of anti-reflective coatings and dielectric mirrors .
Thin lens equation f ... List of equations in nuclear and particle physics; List of equations in quantum mechanics ... ISBN 978-0-521-57507-2. A. Halpern (1988). 3000 ...
This comes from the principle of reversibility which states light rays will travel along the originating path if the light's direction is reversed. [2] Depending on how an optical system is designed, there can be multiple planes that are conjugate to a specific plane (e.g. intermediate and final image planes for an object plane).
In most cases, two thin lenses are combined, one of which has just so strong a positive aberration (under-correction, vide supra) as the other a negative; the first must be a positive lens and the second a negative lens; the powers, however: may differ, so that the desired effect of the lens is maintained. It is generally an advantage to secure ...
For a thin lens in air, the location of the image is given by the simple equation + =, where S 1 is the distance from the object to the lens, θ 2 is the distance from the lens to the image, and f is the focal length of the lens.
If the focal lengths of the two lenses for light at the yellow Fraunhofer D-line (589.2 nm) are f 1 and f 2, then best correction occurs for the condition: + = where V 1 and V 2 are the Abbe numbers of the materials of the first and second lenses, respectively. Since Abbe numbers are positive, one of the focal lengths must be negative, i.e., a ...