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Of course, cost per kg is not the only important factor in material selection. An important concept is 'cost per unit of function'. For example, if the key design objective was the stiffness of a plate of the material, as described in the introductory paragraph above, then the designer would need a material with the optimal combination of ...
The first asphalt shingles, mineral-surfaced, were made in 1901, and about this time slate grain less were first used as a surfacing material. Asphalt shingles did not come into general use until about 1911. During 1939, thirty-two manufacturers, representing about 95 percent of the asphalt-prepared roofing industry, produced 34,225,187 squares ...
Widespread hurricane damage in Florida during the 1990s prompted the industry to adhere to a 1700-gram tear value on finished asphalt shingles. [citation needed] Per 2003 International Building Code Sections 1507.2.1 and 1507.2.2, asphalt shingles shall only be used on roof slopes of two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17% slope) or ...
"In 2002, asphalt sold for approximately $160 per ton. By the end of 2006, the cost had doubled to approximately $320 per ton, and then it almost doubled again in 2012 to approximately $610 per ton." [21] The report indicates that an "average" 1-mile (1.6-kilometer)-long, four-lane highway would include "300 tons of asphalt," which, "in 2002 ...
An asphalt shingle roof has flexible asphalt shingles as the ridge cap. Some roof shingles are non-combustible or have a better fire rating than others which influence their use, some building codes do not allow the use of shingles with less than a class-A fire rating to be used on some types of buildings. Due to increased fire hazard, wood ...
Mastic asphalt concrete is generally laid to a thickness of around 20–30 millimetres (13 ⁄ 16 – 1 + 3 ⁄ 16 in) for footpath and road applications and around 10 millimetres (3 ⁄ 8 in) for flooring or roof applications. [19] High-modulus asphalt concrete, sometimes referred to by the French-language acronym EMÉ (enrobé à module élevé)
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