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Mast cell tumor on lip of a dog. Veterinary oncology is a subspecialty of veterinary medicine that deals with cancer diagnosis and treatment in animals. Cancer is a major cause of death in pet animals. In one study, 45% of the dogs that reached 10 years of age or older died of cancer. [1]
Apophallation is the biting off of the penis, known to occur in terrestrial slugs, which are hermaphroditic gastropod mollusks. It has been reported in some species of banana slugs, Ariolimax, and in the distantly related Deroceras laeve. [1] [2] In the mating of banana slugs, the penis is inserted into the body of the partner.
No cure for cancer in canines exist. [2] Some dog owners opt for no treatment of the cancer at all, in which case palliative care, including pain relief, may be offered. Regardless of how treatment proceeds following a diagnosis, the quality of life of the pet is an important consideration.
In the case where one penis is chewed off, this is usually done by the other slug. A replacement penis does not grow back. Apophallation is most widely found in Ariolimax species, [1] which have internal sperm exchange. In these slugs, apophallation is only an occasional occurrence which follows a period of struggle and pulling by the owner.
Banana slugs are hermaphroditic, meaning they are both male and female at the same time. [3] During reproduction, Ariolimax buttoni engages in apophallation - the behavior in which a slug chews off its mating partner's penis. [5] Their mating season is very long, lasting from February to early September. In addition, the copulation itself is long.
The TK canine cancer panel is an indicator of general neoplastic disease. [17] The stage of the disease is important to treatment and prognosis. Certain blood tests have also been shown to be prognostic. The stage of the disease is important to treatment and prognosis. Stage I – only one lymph node or lymphoid tissue in one organ involved.
Seahorses, once considered to be monogamous species with pairs mating for life, were described in a 2007 study as "promiscuous, flighty, and more than a little bit gay". [124] Scientists at 15 aquaria studied 90 seahorses of three species. Of 3,168 sexual encounters, 37% were same-sex acts.
Devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) is an aggressive non-viral clonally transmissible cancer which affects Tasmanian devils, a marsupial native to the Australian island of Tasmania. [1] [2] The cancer manifests itself as lumps of soft and ulcerating tissue around the mouth, which may invade surrounding organs and metastasise to