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Integer addition, for example, can be performed as a single machine instruction, and some offer specific instructions to process sequences of characters with a single instruction. [7] But the choice of primitive data type may affect performance, for example it is faster using SIMD operations and data types to operate on an array of floats.
Python: the built-in int (3.x) / long (2.x) integer type is of arbitrary precision. The Decimal class in the standard library module decimal has user definable precision and limited mathematical operations (exponentiation, square root, etc. but no trigonometric functions).
A compare-and-swap operation is an atomic version of the following pseudocode, where * denotes access through a pointer: [1]. function cas(p: pointer to int, old: int, new: int) is if *p ≠ old return false *p ← new return true
Strings are immutable; built-in operators and keywords (rather than functions) provide concatenation, comparison, and UTF-8 encoding/decoding. [59] Record types can be defined with the struct keyword. [60] For each type T and each non-negative integer constant n, there is an array type denoted [n]T; arrays of differing lengths are thus of ...
The modified V and P operations are as follows, using square brackets to indicate atomic operations, i.e., operations that appear indivisible to other processes: function V(semaphore S, integer I): [S ← S + I] function P(semaphore S, integer I): repeat: [if S ≥ I: S ← S − I break]
For example, adjusting the volume level of a sound signal can result in overflow, and saturation causes significantly less distortion to the sound than wrap-around. In the words of researchers G. A. Constantinides et al.: [1] When adding two numbers using two's complement representation, overflow results in a "wrap-around" phenomenon.
In computer science, the fetch-and-add (FAA) CPU instruction atomically increments the contents of a memory location by a specified value.. That is, fetch-and-add performs the following operation: increment the value at address x by a, where x is a memory location and a is some value, and return the original value at x.
atomic functions 1.1 1.2 64-bit integer signed/unsigned general operations 1.0 atomic functions 1.2 2.0 any 128-bit trivially copyable type general operations No atomicExch, atomicCAS 9.0 16-bit floating point FP16 addition, subtraction, multiplication, comparison, warp shuffle functions, conversion 5.3 half2 atomic addition 6.0 atomic addition 7.0