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In his 1946 paper "Action Research and Minority Problems" he described action research as "a comparative research on the conditions and effects of various forms of social action and research leading to social action" that uses "a spiral of steps, each of which is composed of a circle of planning, action and fact-finding about the result of the ...
Action research in the workplace took its initial inspiration from Lewin's work on organizational development (and Dewey's emphasis on learning from experience). Lewin's seminal contribution involves a flexible, scientific approach to planned change that proceeds through a spiral of steps, each of which is composed of 'a circle of planning, action, and fact-finding about the result of the ...
Community-based research is more likely to trigger public action and engagement with environmental issues than traditional research. [7] Bottom up community-based research in which community members oversee each phase of the research project is more likely to inspire structural reforms that are responsive to the needs of EJ communities. [6]
The action learning approach was originated by Reg Revans. [6] [7] Formative influences for Revan included his time working as a physicist at the University of Cambridge, wherein he noted the importance of each scientist describing their own ignorance, sharing experiences, and communally reflecting in order to learn. [8]
Soft systems methodology (SSM) is an organised way of thinking [clarification needed] applicable to problematic social situations and in the management of change by using action. It was developed in England by academics at the Lancaster Systems Department on the basis of a ten-year action research programme. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Action learning – Type of approach to problem solving; Action research – Methodology for social science research Participatory action research – Approach to research in social sciences; Adaptive management – Adaptive environmental assessment and management (AEAM) Decision cycle – Sequence of steps for decision-making
Community-engaged research is planned in partnership with the community that is the intended target of the research. [6] It requires the development of partnerships between researchers and the community, cooperation and negotiation between parties, collaboration, and a commitment to addressing local health concerns. [7]
These are pragmatic trials, participatory action research, effectiveness-implementation hybrid trials and quality improvement studies. [2] A 2018 review of study designs in implementation research found that randomized designs, like cluster RCTs, were used 77% of the time, and 61% of studies included both quantitative and qualitative methods. [4]