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A pregnancy test is used to determine whether a female is pregnant or not. The two primary methods are testing for the female pregnancy hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)) in blood or urine using a pregnancy test kit, and scanning with ultrasonography. [1] Testing blood for hCG results in the earliest detection of pregnancy. [2]
The positive predictive value (PPV), or precision, is defined as = + = where a "true positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard, and a "false positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard.
Rates are generally presented for the first year of use. [41] Most commonly, the Pearl Index is used to calculate effectiveness rates, but some studies use decrement tables. [42] The failure rate of fertility awareness varies widely depending on the system used to identify fertile days, the instructional method, and the population being studied.
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPT axis for short, a.k.a. thyroid homeostasis or thyrotropic feedback control) is part of the neuroendocrine system responsible for the regulation of metabolism and also responds to stress. As its name suggests, it depends upon the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the thyroid gland.
The accuracy ratio (AR) is defined as the ratio of the area between the model CAP and random CAP, and the area between the perfect CAP and random CAP. [2] In a successful model, the AR has values between zero and one, and the higher the value is, the stronger the model. The cumulative number of positive outcomes indicates a model's strength.
Human performance technology (HPT), also known as human performance improvement (HPI), or human performance assessment (HPA), is a field of study related to process improvement methodologies such as organization development, motivation, instructional technology, human factors, learning, performance support systems, knowledge management, and ...
Response-rate ratio is a measure of efficacy of therapy in clinical trials. It is defined as the proportion of improved patients in the treatment group, divided by the proportion of improved patients in the control group. [citation needed] The same term has been used in marketing. [1]
In numerical analysis, order of accuracy quantifies the rate of convergence of a numerical approximation of a differential equation to the exact solution. Consider u {\displaystyle u} , the exact solution to a differential equation in an appropriate normed space ( V , | | | | ) {\displaystyle (V,||\ ||)} .