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The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States.It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that turn on questions of U.S. constitutional or federal law.
The longest vacancy during this time frame, and the longest since the Supreme Court was expanded to nine members in 1869, was the 422-day vacancy between the death of Antonin Scalia on February 13, 2016, and the swearing-in of Neil Gorsuch on April 10, 2017. [107] Overall, it was the eighth-longest vacancy period in U.S. Supreme Court history.
The U.S. Supreme Court’s term came to an end last month as the conservative majority released a slew of opinions that sparked widespread controversy and renewed the debate around court packing ...
Congress may define the jurisdiction of the judiciary through the simultaneous use of two powers. [1] First, Congress holds the power to create (and, implicitly, to define the jurisdiction of) federal courts inferior to the Supreme Court (i.e. Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and various other Article I and Article III tribunals).
Nonetheless, the Supreme Court would in later years hold that the Fourteenth Amendment had the effect of applying most provisions of the Bill of Rights to the states. Marshall's forceful personality allowed him to steer his fellow justices; only once did he find himself on the losing side in a constitutional case.
The Supreme Court is the only federal court that is explicitly established by the Constitution. During the Constitutional Convention, a proposal was made for the Supreme Court to be the only federal court, having both original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction. This proposal was rejected in favor of the provision that exists today.
The Supreme Court of the United States is the court of last resort. [1] It generally hears appeals from the courts of appeals (and sometimes state courts), operating under discretionary review, which means that the Supreme Court can choose which cases to hear, by granting petitions for writs of certiorari. [1]
The constitutional grant of original jurisdiction to the Supreme Court cannot be expanded by statute. In the case of Marbury v. Madison , [ 4 ] the newly-elected president, Thomas Jefferson , ordered his acting Secretary of State not to deliver commissions for appointments that had been made by his predecessor, John Adams .