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The existing general sales tax laws were replaced with the Value Added Tax Act (2005) and associated VAT rules. A few states ( Gujarat , Tamil Nadu , Rajasthan , Madhya Pradesh , Chhattisgarh , Jharkhand , Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh ) opted to stay out of VAT taxation system during the initial introduction of VAT but adopted it later.
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a Value added Tax (VAT) proposed to be a comprehensive indirect tax levy on manufacture, sale and consumption of goods as well as services at the national level. It replaces all indirect taxes levied on goods and services by the Indian Central and state governments.
Waste valorization, beneficial reuse, beneficial use, value recovery or waste reclamation [1] is the process of waste products or residues from an economic process being valorized (given economic value), by reuse or recycling in order to create economically useful materials.
Marx's term is the German word "Mehrwert", which simply means value added (sales revenue minus the cost of materials used up), and is cognate to English "more worth". It is a major concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy. Conventionally, value-added is equal to the sum of gross wage income and gross profit income.
Phosphogypsum is a by-product from the production of phosphoric acid by treating phosphate ore with sulfuric acid according to the following reaction: . Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 X + 5 H 2 SO 4 + 10 H 2 O → 3 H 3 PO 4 + 5 (CaSO 4 · 2 H 2 O) + HX
The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC; ISO: Saṁgha Loka Sevā Āyoga) is a constitutional body tasked with recruiting officers for All India Services and the Central Civil Services (Group A and B) through various standardized examinations. [1] In 2023, 1.3 million applicants competed for just 1,255 positions. [2]
It is the most abundantly available raw material on the Earth for the production of biofuels. [1] It is composed of two kinds of carbohydrate polymers, cellulose and hemicellulose, and an aromatic-rich polymer called lignin. [1] Any biomass rich in cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin are commonly referred to as lignocellulosic biomass. [2]
As of 2018, 50,000 farmers have been engaged under the scheme. The scheme provides support to the complete value chain through inputs, seeds, organic certification, creation of facilities for collection, aggregation, processing, marketing and brand building initiative. [1]