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  2. Surplus value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surplus_value

    Marx's term is the German word "Mehrwert", which simply means value added (sales revenue minus the cost of materials used up), and is cognate to English "more worth". It is a major concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy. Conventionally, value-added is equal to the sum of gross wage income and gross profit income.

  3. Value-added taxation in India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value-added_taxation_in_India

    The existing general sales tax laws were replaced with the Value Added Tax Act (2005) and associated VAT rules. A few states ( Gujarat , Tamil Nadu , Rajasthan , Madhya Pradesh , Chhattisgarh , Jharkhand , Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh ) opted to stay out of VAT taxation system during the initial introduction of VAT but adopted it later.

  4. Theories of Surplus Value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_Surplus_Value

    Theories of Surplus Value (German: Theorien über den Mehrwert) is a draft manuscript written by Karl Marx between January 1862 and July 1863. [1] It is mainly concerned with the Western European theorizing about Mehrwert (added value or surplus value ) from about 1750, critically examining the ideas of British, French and German political ...

  5. Value added - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_added

    Value added is a term in financial economics for calculating the difference between market value of a product or service, and the sum value of its constituents. It is relatively expressed to the supply-demand curve for specific units of sale. [ 1 ]

  6. Gross value added - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_value_added

    In economics, gross value added (GVA) is the measure of the value of goods and services produced in an area, industry or sector of an economy. "Gross value added is the value of output minus the value of intermediate consumption; it is a measure of the contribution to GDP made by an individual producer, industry or sector; gross value added is the source from which the primary incomes of the ...

  7. Net national product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_national_product

    Although the net national product is a key identity in national accounting, its use in economics research is generally superseded by the use of the gross domestic or national product as a measure of national income, a preference which has been historically a contentious topic (see e.g. Boulding (1948) [3] and Burk (1948) [4]).

  8. Agricultural value chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_value_chain

    An agricultural value chain is the integrated range of goods and services (value chain) necessary for an agricultural product to move from the producer to the final consumer. The concept has been used since the beginning of the millennium, primarily by those working in agricultural development in developing countries , although there is no ...

  9. Value-added tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value-added_tax

    Value Added Tax (VAT) is an indirect tax levied on the value creation or addition. The concept of VAT in Nepal was introduced in FY 2049/50 but the act was developed in BS 2050. VAT was implemented in 1998 and is the major source of government revenue.