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Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are the compounds consisting of fluorine and carbon. They are widely used in the electronics, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in refrigeration when combined with other gases. PFCs were commonly used as fire extinguishants in the past and are still found in older fire protection systems.
Moissan's method is used to produce industrial quantities of fluorine, via the electrolysis of a potassium bifluoride/hydrogen fluoride mixture: hydrogen ions are reduced at a steel container cathode and fluoride ions are oxidized at a carbon block anode, under 8–12 volts, to generate hydrogen and fluorine gas respectively.
Fluorine's chemistry includes inorganic compounds formed with hydrogen, metals, nonmetals, and even noble gases; as well as a diverse set of organic compounds. [note 1] For many elements (but not all) the highest known oxidation state can be achieved in a fluoride. For some elements this is achieved exclusively in a fluoride, for others ...
Fluorine compounds are highly amenable to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), because fluorine-19 has a nuclear spin of 1 ⁄ 2, a high nuclear magnetic moment, and a high magnetogyric ratio. Fluorine compounds typically have a fast NMR relaxation , which enables the use of fast averaging to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio similar to hydrogen-1 ...
Within organofluorides, refrigerant gases are still the dominant segment, consuming about 80% of HF. Even though chlorofluorocarbons are widely banned, the replacement refrigerants are often other fluorinated molecules. Fluoropolymers are less than one quarter the size of refrigerant gases in terms of fluorine usage, but are growing faster.
The chemical element nitrogen is one of the most abundant elements in the universe and can form many compounds. It can take several oxidation states; but the most common oxidation states are -3 and +3. Nitrogen can form nitride and nitrate ions. It also forms a part of nitric acid and nitrate salts.
Fluorine azide or triazadienyl fluoride is a yellow green gas composed of nitrogen and fluorine with formula FN 3. [1] Its properties resemble those of ClN 3 , BrN 3 , and IN 3 . [ 2 ] The bond between the fluorine atom and the nitrogen is very weak, leading to this substance being very unstable and prone to explosion. [ 3 ]
The tetrafluoroammonium cation (also known as perfluoroammonium) is a positively charged polyatomic ion with chemical formula NF + 4. It is equivalent to the ammonium ion where the hydrogen atoms surrounding the central nitrogen atom have been replaced by fluorine. [1] Tetrafluoroammonium ion is isoelectronic with tetrafluoromethane CF 4 ...