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Strabismus occurs in about 2% of children. [3] The term comes from the Ancient Greek word στραβισμός (strabismós), meaning 'a squinting'. [6] Other terms for the condition include "squint" and "cast of the eye". [7] [8] [9]
A man squinting on a sunny day. Squinting is the action of looking at something with partially closed eyes. [1]Squinting is most often practiced by people who suffer from refractive errors of the eye who either do not have or are not using their glasses.
Esotropia (from Greek eso 'inward' and trope 'a turning' [1]) is a form of strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward. The condition can be constantly present, or occur intermittently, and can give the affected individual a "cross-eyed" appearance. [2]
Strabismus surgery (also: extraocular muscle surgery, eye muscle surgery, or eye alignment surgery) is surgery on the extraocular muscles to correct strabismus, the misalignment of the eyes. [1] Strabismus surgery is a one-day procedure that is usually performed under general anesthesia most commonly by either a neuro- or pediatric ...
Squinting or frequent rubbing of the eyes is also common with exotropia. The child probably will not mention seeing double, i.e., double vision or diplopia. However, he or she may close one eye to compensate for the problem. In children, the reason for not seeing double is that the brain may ignore the image it receives from the squinting eye.
To detect the difference between strabismus and pseudostrabismus, clinicians use a flashlight to shine into the child's eyes. When the child is looking at the light, a reflection can be seen on the front surface of the pupil. If the eyes are aligned with one another, the reflection from the light will be in the same spot of each eye. If ...
Amblyopia will be treated via occlusion treatment (using patching or atropine drops) of the non-squinting eye with the aim of achieving full alternation of fixation. Management thereafter will be surgical. As alternative to surgery, also botulinum toxin therapy has been used in children with infantile esotropia.
Duane syndrome is a congenital rare type of strabismus most commonly characterized by the inability of the eye to move outward. The syndrome was first described by ophthalmologists Jakob Stilling (1887) and Siegmund Türk (1896), and subsequently named after Alexander Duane, who discussed the disorder in more detail in 1905.