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The Indian subcontinent has a history of devastating earthquakes. [1] The major reason for the high frequency and intensity of the earthquakes is that the Indian plate is driving into Asia at a rate of approximately 47 mm/year. [2] Geographical statistics of India show that almost 58% of the land is vulnerable to earthquakes.
Seismic intensity scales categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) at a given location, such as resulting from an earthquake.They are distinguished from seismic magnitude scales, which measure the magnitude or overall strength of an earthquake, which may, or perhaps may not, cause perceptible shaking.
The reason for the intensity and high frequency of earthquakes is the Indian plate driving into Asia at a rate of approximately 47 mm/year. [1] The following is a list of major earthquakes which have occurred in India , including those with epicentres outside India that caused significant damage or casualties in the country.
The Indian plate (or India plate) is a minor tectonic plate straddling the equator in the Eastern Hemisphere. Originally a part of the ancient continent of Gondwana , the Indian plate broke away from the other fragments of Gondwana 100 million years ago and began moving north, carrying Insular India with it. [ 2 ]
Topographically, the belt has many superlatives: the highest rate of uplift (nearly 10 mm/year at Nanga Parbat), the highest relief (8848 m at Mt. Everest Chomolangma), among the highest erosion rates at 2–12 mm/yr, [4] the source of some of the greatest rivers and the highest concentration of glaciers outside of the polar regions.
Earthquakes trace the path of the downward-moving plate as it descends into asthenosphere, a trench forms, and as the subducted plate is heated it releases volatiles, mostly water from hydrous minerals, into the surrounding mantle. The addition of water lowers the melting point of the mantle material above the subducting slab, causing it to melt.
Due to continental drift, the India Plate split from Madagascar and collided with the Eurasian Plate resulting in the formation of the Himalayas.. The earliest phase of tectonic evolution was marked by the cooling and solidification of the upper crust of the earth's surface in the Archaean Era (prior to 2.5 billion years) which is represented by the exposure of gneisses and granites especially ...
The Assam earthquake of 1897 occurred on 12 June, in Assam, British India at 11:06 [2] UTC, and had an estimated moment magnitude of 8.2–8.3. [1] It resulted in approximately 1,542 human casualties and caused catastrophic damage to infrastructures.