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Parabuthus transvaalicus is a dangerous, medically significant scorpion, which can both sting and spray its kurtoxin venom. [2] The first droplet of venom differs from the rest, and is referred to as "pre-venom". [4] A further potassium channel inhibitor, parabutoxin, has been isolated from the venom of P. transvaalicus. [5]
South African spitting scorpion (Parabuthus transvaalicus) Ikitoxin is one of the many components that can be isolated from the venom of the South African Spitting scorpion. [ 1 ] Other peptide toxins found in the venom include birtoxin , which is moderately toxic but very abundant, dortoxin , a lethal peptide, bestoxin , which causes writhing ...
Parabuthus, commonly known as the thick-tailed scorpion, is a genus of large and highly venomous Afrotropical scorpions, that show a preference for areas of low rainfall. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] Their stings are medically important and human fatalities have been recorded.
Kurtoxin is a protein containing 63 amino acid residues with a mass of 7386.1 daltons.Its formula is C 324 H 478 N 94 O 90 S 8.It can be isolated from the venom of Parabuthus transvaalicus by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Bestoxin is a neurotoxin from the venom of the South African spitting (or fattail) scorpion Parabuthus transvaalicus. Most likely, it targets sodium channel function, thus promoting spontaneous and repetitive neuronal firing. Following injection into mice, it causes non-lethal writhing behaviour.
Experimentally induced toxungen spraying by the scorpion Parabuthus transvaalicus.. A toxungen comprises a secretion or other bodily fluid containing one or more biological toxins that is transferred by one animal to the external surface of another animal via a physical delivery mechanism with or without direct contact between the secreting animal and the victim. [1]
South African spitting scorpion (Parabuthus transvaalicus). Birtoxin was isolated from the venom of the South African Spitting scorpion. [1] It is a peptide that is moderately toxic but very abundant in the venom. [1]
Dortoxin is a lethal peptide in the venom that is secreted by Parabuthus transvaalicus. Other toxins in its venom include bestoxin and altitoxin. At least 20% of the peptides in the venom of P. transvaalicus consists of these three toxins, and they are thought to be responsible for most of its toxic potency. [2]