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A yeast lineage with a M/killer virus is known as a "killer strain". [5] There are numerous apparently unrelated M dsRNAs that use L-A, their only similarity being their genome organization. The family of Totiviridae in general helps M-type dsRNAs in a wide variety of yeasts. [5]
Totiviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Giardia lamblia , leishmania , trichomonas vaginalis , and fungi serve as natural hosts. The name of the group derives from Latin toti which means undivided or whole.
A killer yeast is a yeast, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is able to secrete one of a number of toxic proteins which are lethal to susceptible cells. [1] These "killer toxins" are polypeptides that kill sensitive cells of the same or related species, often functioning by creating pores in target cell membranes .
Totivirus is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family Totiviridae. Fungi serve as natural hosts. The name of the group derives from Latin toti which means undivided or whole. There are seven species in this genus. [3] [4]
Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses) are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have double-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid.The double-stranded genome is used as a template by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to transcribe a positive-strand RNA functioning as messenger RNA (mRNA) for the host cell's ribosomes, which translate it into viral proteins.
Examples include the mycoviruses ScV-M1, ScV-M2, and ScV-M28 in the Totiviridae family that contain "killer toxin" genes K1, K2, and K3, respectively. [34] These "killer toxins" are produced by yeast, namely of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, that destroy neighboring yeast cells. [34]
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae (/ ˌ s ɛr ə ˈ v ɪ s i. iː /) (brewer's yeast or baker's yeast) is a species of yeast (single-celled fungal microorganisms). The species has been instrumental in winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times. It is believed to have been originally isolated from the skin of grapes.
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