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Indigo is a natural dye extracted from the leaves of some plants of the Indigofera genus, in particular Indigofera tinctoria. Dye-bearing Indigofera plants were commonly grown and used throughout the world, particularly in Asia, with the production of indigo dyestuff economically important due to the historical rarity of other blue dyestuffs.
Dye is obtained from the processing of the plant's leaves. They are soaked in water and fermented in order to convert the glycoside indican naturally present in the plant to the blue dye indigotin. The precipitate from the fermented leaf solution is mixed with a strong base such as lye.
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Small flowers grow in the leaf axils from long peduncles or spikes, their petals come in hues of red or purple, but there are a few greenish-white and yellow-flowered species. [ 4 ] : 341 Indigofera flowers have open carpels , their organ primordial [ clarification needed ] is often formed at deeper layers than other eudicots . [ 5 ]
Indigofera heterantha is a deciduous shrub growing to 2–3 m (7–10 ft) tall and broad, with pinnate leaves, each leaf carrying up to 21 grey-green oval leaflets, and racemes of purple pea-like flowers in summer. [1] [2] The Latin specific epithet heterantha means "with various or diverse flowers". [3]
The tree is harvested from the wild as a medicine and source of a dye and wood. Leaves are extracted as fodder for livestock. The leaves, flowers, fruits and roots are sources of indigo-yielding glucoside, which produces a blue dye or indigo- like dye. About 100–200 kilos of leaves are needed to prepare 1 kilo of dye. [2]
Indigo is slightly soluble in hot water. To dye with indigo place the indigo powder in the bottom of a large pot of water. Add the item to be dyed and barely simmer until the desired shade is produced. Stirring the item helps keep the dying even. Please note that, in use on fabric, indigo wicks moisture. It helps make cloth cooler.
Añil (Indigofera suffruticosa) is an indigo dye-bearing plant of Central and South America. [5] [6] aniline Aniline dyes or basic dyes are a class of synthetic dyes derived from coal tar, first discovered in the 19th century. These dyes produce brilliant colors that work well with animal fibers, especially silk. Because of poor colorfastness ...
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