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  2. Heat engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_engine

    A heat engine is a system that converts heat to usable energy, particularly mechanical energy, which can then be used to do mechanical work. [1] [2] While originally conceived in the context of mechanical energy, the concept of the heat engine has been applied to various other kinds of energy, particularly electrical, since at least the late 19th century.

  3. Carnot heat engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnot_heat_engine

    Carnot engine diagram (modern) - where an amount of heat Q H flows from a high temperature T H furnace through the fluid of the "working body" (working substance) and the remaining heat Q C flows into the cold sink T C, thus forcing the working substance to do mechanical work W on the surroundings, via cycles of contractions and expansions.

  4. Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnot's_theorem...

    A reversible heat engine with a low efficiency delivers more heat (energy) to the hot reservoir for a given amount of work (energy) to this engine when it is being driven as a heat pump. All these mean that heat can transfer from cold to hot places without external work, and such a heat transfer is impossible by the second law of thermodynamics .

  5. Organic Rankine cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_Rankine_cycle

    T-s diagram for the ideal/real ORC. The working principle of the organic Rankine cycle is the same as that of the Rankine cycle: the working fluid is pumped to a boiler where it is evaporated, passed through an expansion device (turbine, [3] screw, [4] scroll, [5] or other expander), and then through a condenser heat exchanger where it is finally re-condensed.

  6. Solar-powered Stirling engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-powered_Stirling_engine

    NASA patented a type of solar-powered Stirling engine on August 3, 1976. It used solar energy to pump water from a river, lake, or stream. [1] The purpose of this apparatus is to “provide a low-cost, low-technology pump having particular utility in irrigation systems employed in underdeveloped arid regions of the earth…[using] the basic principles of the Stirling heat engine“.

  7. Timeline of heat engine technology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_heat_engine...

    A heat engine is any system that converts heat to mechanical energy, which can then be used to do mechanical work.They continue to be developed today. In engineering and thermodynamics, a heat engine performs the conversion of heat energy to mechanical work by exploiting the temperature gradient between a hot "source" and a cold "sink".

  8. Feedwater heater - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedwater_heater

    A Rankine cycle with two steam turbines and a single open feedwater heater. A feedwater heater is a power plant component used to pre-heat water delivered to a steam generating boiler. [1] [2] [3] Preheating the feedwater reduces the irreversibilities involved in steam generation and therefore improves the thermodynamic efficiency of the system ...

  9. Quantum heat engines and refrigerators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_heat_engines_and...

    Quantum thermodynamics supplies a dynamical theory required for systems out of equilibrium such as heat engines, thus, inserting dynamics into thermodynamics. The theory of open quantum systems constitutes the basic theory. For heat engines a reduced description of the dynamics of the working substance is sought, tracing out the hot and cold baths.

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