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Acetonitrile is used mainly as a solvent in the purification of butadiene in refineries. Specifically, acetonitrile is fed into the top of a distillation column filled with hydrocarbons including butadiene, and as the acetonitrile falls down through the column, it absorbs the butadiene which is then sent from the bottom of the tower to a second separating tower.
This method is mainly practiced in China where environmental rules are lax. Most commonly malononitrile is produced by the gas-phase reaction of acetonitrile and cyanogen chloride: [4] NCCl + CH 3 CN → NCCH 2 CN + HCl. About 20,000,000 kg are produced annually (2007).
In fact, the 2008–2009 acetonitrile shortage was caused by a decrease in demand for acrylonitrile. [10] 2 CH 3 −CH=CH 2 + 2 NH 3 + 3 O 2 → 2 CH 2 =CH−C≡N + 6 H 2 O. In the SOHIO process, propylene, ammonia, and air (oxidizer) are passed through a fluidized bed reactor containing the catalyst at 400–510 °C and 50–200 kPa g. The ...
A colorless liquid, it is derived from acetonitrile (CH 3 CN) by replacement of one H with Cl. In practice, it is produced by dehydration of chloroacetamide. [1] The compound is an alkylating agent, [2] and as such is handled cautiously. Chloroacetonitrile is also generated in situ by the reaction of acetonitrile with sulfur monochloride.
Aminoacetonitrile is the organic compound with the formula H 2 N−CH 2 −C≡N.The compound is a colorless liquid. It is unstable at room temperature, owing to the incompatibility of the amine nucleophile and the nitrile electrophile.
Trichloroacetonitrile can be obtained by chlorination of acetonitrile on a zinc, copper and alkaline earth metal halide-impregnated activated carbon catalyst at 200–400 °C with a 54% yield. [ 3 ] The high temperatures required by this process favours the formation of byproducts, such as tetrachloromethane .
Acetone (2-propanone or dimethyl ketone) is an organic compound with the formula (CH 3) 2 CO. [22] It is the simplest and smallest ketone (>C=O).It is a colorless, highly volatile, and flammable liquid with a characteristic pungent odour, very reminiscent of the smell of pear drops.
The toxicity LD 50 of propionitrile is listed as 39 mg/kg [8] and as 230 my (both rats, oral). [7] In 1979, the Kalama (Vega) plant in Beaufort, South Carolina experienced an explosion during the production of propionitrile by nickel-catalyzed hydrogenation of acrylonitrile. [9] This site is now one of the two Superfund cleanup sites in South ...