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A randomized algorithm is an algorithm that employs a degree of randomness as part of its logic or procedure. The algorithm typically uses uniformly random bits as an auxiliary input to guide its behavior, in the hope of achieving good performance in the "average case" over all possible choices of random determined by the random bits; thus either the running time, or the output (or both) are ...
Pages in category "Randomized algorithms" The following 44 pages are in this category, out of 44 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
Cipher algorithms and cryptographic hashes can be used as very high-quality pseudorandom number generators. However, generally they are considerably slower (typically by a factor 2–10) than fast, non-cryptographic random number generators. These include: Stream ciphers.
In computer science and graph theory, Karger's algorithm is a randomized algorithm to compute a minimum cut of a connected graph. It was invented by David Karger and first published in 1993. [1] The idea of the algorithm is based on the concept of contraction of an edge (,) in an undirected graph = (,).
In computing, a Monte Carlo algorithm is a randomized algorithm whose output may be incorrect with a certain (typically small) probability. Two examples of such algorithms are the Karger–Stein algorithm [ 1 ] and the Monte Carlo algorithm for minimum feedback arc set .
Las Vegas algorithms were introduced by László Babai in 1979, in the context of the graph isomorphism problem, as a dual to Monte Carlo algorithms. [3] Babai [4] introduced the term "Las Vegas algorithm" alongside an example involving coin flips: the algorithm depends on a series of independent coin flips, and there is a small chance of failure (no result).
The algorithm generates a random permutations uniformly so long as the hardware operates in a fair manner. In 2015, Bacher et al. produced MERGESHUFFLE, an algorithm that divides the array into blocks of roughly equal size, uses Fisher—Yates to shuffle each block, and then uses a random merge recursively to give the shuffled array. [12]
Here, a Las Vegas algorithm is a randomized algorithm whose runtime may vary, but for which the result is always correct. [7] [8] For example, this form of Yao's principle has been used to prove the optimality of certain Monte Carlo tree search algorithms for the exact evaluation of game trees. [8]