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Segmentation in biology is the division of some animal and plant body plans into a linear series of repetitive segments that may or may not be interconnected to each other. This article focuses on the segmentation of animal body plans, specifically using the examples of the taxa Arthropoda , Chordata , and Annelida .
A segmentation gene is a gene involved in the early developmental stages of pattern formation. It regulates how cells are organized and defines repeated units in the embryo . Segmentation genes have been documented in three taxa: arthropods (i.e. insects and crabs ), [ 2 ] chordates (i.e. mammals and fish ), and annelids (i.e. leeches and ...
Earthworms are a classic example of biological homonymous metamery – the property of repeating body segments with distinct regions. In biology, metamerism is the phenomenon of having a linear series of body segments fundamentally similar in structure, though not all such structures are entirely alike in any single life form because some of them perform special functions. [1]
Segmentation in the hind-brain and paraxial mesoderm is highly regulated by the expression of the Hox gene. Hox genes encode helix-turn-helix transcription factors and play the major role in specifying the positional identities for tissues along the anterior-posterior axis (A-P axis) during the developmental phase.
Segmentation (biology), the division of body plans into a series of repetitive segments Segmentation in the human nervous system; Internodal segment, the portion of a nerve fiber between two Nodes of Ranvier; Segment, in fruit anatomy, a section of a citrus fruit; Parts of a genome, especially in virology
The gooseberry gene's role in segmentation was believed to be involved in segment-polarity class of segmentation genes required for the formation of larval segments because, during embryogenesis, half of the larval segments are replaced by the remain half segment, but in a reversed polarity, which suggested that gooseberry was a single gene. [8]
Sociobiology is a field of biology that aims to explain social behavior in terms of evolution.It draws from disciplines including psychology, ethology, anthropology, evolution, zoology, archaeology, and population genetics.
[4] [5] However, the segmentation clock model is highly evolutionarily conserved. [ 6 ] Intrinsic expression of "clock genes" must oscillate with a periodicity equal to the time necessary for one somite to form, for example 30 minutes in zebrafish, 90 minutes in chicks, and 100 minutes in snakes.