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The most common form of sterilization in dogs and cats is surgical, spaying in females and castration in males. Non-surgical fertility control can either result in sterilization or temporary contraception and could offer a cheaper way to keep wild dog and cat populations under control. As of 2019, only contraceptives are commercially available.
The one significant cause for concern in the studies was an increased incidence of urinary incontinence in female dogs, leading to recommendations to delay spaying female dogs until 3 months of age when there is no concern about non-compliance with spay policies. [3] [11] There was no evidence of increased risk of infection for cats.
AB 1634 was a 2007 bill [1] (authored by Democrat Lloyd Levine) in the California State Legislature which would require that dogs and cats in California be spayed or neutered by 6 months of age. The bill would have provided limited availability for purchased "intact permits" and a small number of exemptions.
[31] [32] One study found that in female dogs there is an increasing risk of urinary incontinence the earlier the procedure is carried out; the study recommended that female dogs be spayed no earlier than 3 to 4 months of age. [28] A later study comparing female dogs spayed between 4 and 6 months and after 6 months showed no increased risk. [33]
World Spay Day advocates spaying, or neutering, advocating it "as a proven means of saving the lives of companion animals, community (feral and stray) cats, and street dogs who might otherwise be put down in a shelter or killed on the street." [1] It is an event held on the last Tuesday in February each year.
Spay may refer to: Spaying, the neutering of a female animal; Spay, Germany, a municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany; Spay, Sarthe, a commune in the Sarthe departement, France; SPAY, the ICAO airport code for Tnte. Gral. Gerardo Pérez Pinedo Airport in Atalaya, Peru
Having un-spayed female cats in an area will attract un-neutered males with the attendant problems of spraying, fighting and caterwauling. [ 61 ] After starting a TNR program in 1995, animal control in Orange County, Florida , received fewer complaints about cats, even after broadening the definition of a nuisance complaint.
This list of dog breeds includes both extant and extinct dog breeds, varieties and types. A research article on dog genomics published in Science/AAAS defines modern dog breeds as "a recent invention defined by conformation to a physical ideal and purity of lineage".