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cis-1,2-disub. alkenes 1660 medium trans-1,2-disub. alkenes 1675 medium trisub., tetrasub. alkenes 1670 weak conjugated C═C dienes 1600 strong 1650 strong with benzene ring 1625 strong with C═O 1600 strong C═C (both sp 2) any 1640–1680 medium aromatic C═C any 1450 weak to strong (usually 3 or 4) 1500 1580 1600 C≡C terminal alkynes
2-Butyne is of interest to physical chemists because of its very low torsional barrier and the problem of determining that barrier using high-resolution infrared spectroscopy. Analysis of its spectrum [ 3 ] leads to a determination that the torsional barrier is only 6 cm −1 (1.2 × 10 −22 J or 72 J mol −1 ).
In the case of metal-alkenes and alkynes, the strengthening of the M–C 2 R 4 and M–C 2 R 2 bond is reflected in bending of the C–C–R angles which assume greater sp 3 and sp 2 character, respectively. [8] [9] Thus strong π backbonding causes a metal-alkene complex to assume the character of a metallacyclopropane. [10]
Alkenes are generally colorless non-polar compounds, somewhat similar to alkanes but more reactive. The first few members of the series are gases or liquids at room temperature. The simplest alkene, ethylene (C 2 H 4) (or "ethene" in the IUPAC nomenclature) is the organic compound produced on the largest scale industrially. [5]
Spectrochemistry is the application of spectroscopy in several fields of chemistry. It includes analysis of spectra in chemical terms, and use of spectra to derive the structure of chemical compounds, and also to qualitatively and quantitively analyze their presence in the sample.
alkene (unsaturated) vs alkane (saturated) alkyne (unsaturated) vs alkane (saturated) arene (unsaturated) vs cycloalkane (saturated) For organic compounds containing heteroatoms (other than C and H), the list of unsaturated groups is long but some common types are: carbonyl, e.g. ketones, aldehydes, esters, carboxylic acids (unsaturated) vs ...
Vinyl derivatives are alkenes. If activated by an adjacent group, the increased polarization of the bond gives rise to characteristic reactivity, which is termed vinylogous : In allyl compounds, where the next carbon is saturated but substituted once, allylic rearrangement and related reactions are observed.
Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy or vibrational spectroscopy) is the measurement of the interaction of infrared radiation with matter by absorption, emission, or reflection. It is used to study and identify chemical substances or functional groups in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms. It can be used to characterize new materials or identify ...
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