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  2. Separation of variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_variables

    Separation of variables may be possible in some coordinate systems but not others, [2] and which coordinate systems allow for separation depends on the symmetry properties of the equation. [3] Below is an outline of an argument demonstrating the applicability of the method to certain linear equations, although the precise method may differ in ...

  3. Neural network (machine learning) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network_(machine...

    The cost function is dependent on the task (the model domain) and any a priori assumptions (the implicit properties of the model, its parameters and the observed variables). As a trivial example, consider the model f ( x ) = a {\displaystyle \textstyle f(x)=a} where a {\displaystyle \textstyle a} is a constant and the cost C = E [ ( x − f ( x ...

  4. Lambda Scorpii - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_Scorpii

    The primary star is a Beta Cephei variable star with rapid brightness changes of about a hundredth of a magnitude. [6] [5] The pre-main-sequence star has an orbital period of 6 days and the B companion has a period of 1053 days. The three stars lie in the same orbital plane, strongly suggesting that they were formed at the same time.

  5. Planet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet

    The closest approach to its star is called its periastron, or perihelion in the Solar System, whereas its farthest separation from the star is called its apastron . As a planet approaches periastron, its speed increases as it trades gravitational potential energy for kinetic energy , just as a falling object on Earth accelerates as it falls.

  6. Gross domestic product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product

    Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value [1] of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country [2] or countries.

  7. Insurance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurance

    These new insurance contracts allowed insurance to be separated from investment, a separation of roles that first proved useful in marine insurance. The earliest known policy of life insurance was made in the Royal Exchange, London, on 18 June 1583, for £383, 6s. 8d. for twelve months on the life of William Gibbons. [11]

  8. Americas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americas

    Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us

  9. Puerto Rico - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico

    Puerto Rico has a republican form of government based on the American model, with separation of powers subject to the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United States. [ 114 ] [ 115 ] All governmental powers are delegated by the United States Congress , with the head of state being the president of the United States .