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Cities are also one of the most vulnerable parts of the human society to the effects of climate change, [3] and likely one of the most important solutions for reducing the environmental impact of humans. [4] [2] [3] The UN projects that 68% of the world population will live in urban areas by 2050. [5]
Moreover, the lack of green spaces in low income, urban areas green gentrification due to these communities at present struggling with financial matters. [32] The promotion of green areas has a positive effect on the communities, and the imbalance of greenery in wealthy versus low-income areas exhibits environmental injustice.
The climate in urban areas differs from that in neighboring rural areas, as a result of urban development. Urbanization greatly changes the form of the landscape, and also produces changes in an area's air. The study of urban climate is urban climatology. In 1950 Åke Sundborg published one of the first theories on the climate of cities. [1] [2]
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The widespread reforestation in urban sites of Paris was launched in 2020 in order to reduce air pollution in the city. Anne Hidalgo, Mayor of Paris, stated that by the summer of 2023 63,500 trees were already planted, and by end of her term 170,000 will be planted in all.
Air temperature inside urban areas can be about 1–3°C or 1–7°F higher than rural or surrounding air temperatures, on average. [4] This is due to a variety of reasons, which include but are not limited to lower albedo on urban surfaces, anthropogenic heat released from buildings and vehicles, and reduced areas of evapotranspiration . [ 4 ]
Satellite imaging of Cartí Sugtupu, Panama in 2022, showing rising sea levels submerging the island and forcing hundreds of indigenous Guna people to relocate.. This article lists several areas, regions, and municipalities that have either been completely or markedly depopulated, or are involved in plans for depopulation or relocation due to anthropogenic climate change.
A glimpse on the history of green urbanism of the U.S. as found in Karlenzig's, et al. ‘How Green is Your City’ book (2007, 06–07). The concept had a gradual start in the late 1800s, when some large cities of the United States (U.S.) started using advanced drinking water, sewage and sanitary systems.