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Guilt, then, is an obligation, a debt, a guarantee that must be physically paid or secured by something tangible. Importantly, according to Nietzsche, one cannot be completely free of this debt. Gradually, debt becomes moral and legal guilt, and finally leads to punishment. [119]
A person may suffer from guilt although no one else knows of his or her misdeed; this feeling of guilt is relieved by confessing the misdeed and making restitution. True guilt cultures rely on an internalized conviction of sin as the enforcer of good behavior, not, as shame cultures do, on external sanctions.
A more informal definition of the term would describe it as "a quasi-illness caused by guilt for one's own socio-economic superiority". [6] The term "affluenza" has also been used to refer to an inability to understand the consequences of one's actions because of financial privilege.
Debtors Anonymous (DA) is a twelve-step program for people who want to stop incurring unsecured debt.Collectively they attend more than 500 weekly meetings in fifteen countries, according to data released in 2011. [2]
Another early form of the theory was proposed by Reiss (1951) [3] who defined delinquency as, "...behavior consequent to the failure of personal and social controls." ." Personal control was defined as, "...the ability of the individual to refrain from meeting needs in ways which conflict with the norms and rules of the community" while social control was, "...the ability of social groups or ...
The concepts of guilt and punishment likewise have their origins in the contractual relationship. Here 'guilt' (schuld) simply meant 'debt' (schulden): the guilty person was simply the person who was unable to discharge their debt. In punishment, the creditor acquires the right to inflict harm on the guilty person.
Giving more than one receives establishes a reputation as a Big man, whereas the simple repayment of debt, or failure to fully repay, pushes one's reputation towards the other end of the scale, "rubbish man". [41] Gift exchange thus has a political effect; granting prestige or status to one, and a sense of debt in the other.
Compliance gaining is a term used in the social sciences that encompasses the intentional act of altering another's behavior. Research in this area originated in the field of social psychology, but communication scholars have also provided ample research in compliance gaining.