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Cardiac fibrosis is common in non-human great apes in human care. The term idiopathic myocardial fibrosis was coined to emphasize this disease is likely different from the above described forms of cardiac fibrosis in humans. The etiology is not known, though vitamin D deficiency is a potential suspected cause at least in chimpanzees. [31]
An infant with dilated, failing heart was no rarity on the pediatric wards of hospitals in the mid-twentieth century. On autopsy, most of these patients' hearts showed the thickened endocardial layer noted above.
Endomyocardial fibrosis causes irreversible restrictive cardiomyopathy in the final stage of fibrosis, and damage to the atrioventricular valves may cause more acute presentations of congestive heart failure. [19] Both the peripheral (polyneuropathy) and central (diffuse encephalopathy) nervous systems may be affected by neurological ...
Cardiomyopathy is a group of primary diseases of the heart muscle. [1] Early on there may be few or no symptoms. [1] As the disease worsens, shortness of breath, feeling tired, and swelling of the legs may occur, due to the onset of heart failure. [1]
This leads to a fibrotic thickening of portions of the heart (similar to that of endomyocardial fibrosis) and heart valves. In consequence, the heart becomes rigid and poorly contractile while the heart valves may become stenotic or insufficient , i.e. reduced in ability to open or close, respectively.
Although myocarditis is clinically and pathologically clearly defined as "inflammation of the myocardium", its definition, classification, diagnosis, and treatment are subject to continued controversy, but endomyocardial biopsy has helped define the natural history of myocarditis and clarify clinicopathological correlations. [70]
RCM can be caused by genetic or non-genetic factors. [5] [6] [7] Thus it is possible to divide the causes into primary and secondary. [8]The common modern organization is into Infiltrative, storage diseases, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial etiologies: [9]
Fibrosis, also known as fibrotic scarring, is a pathological wound healing in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes ...