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The surface has less reflective contrast and a shallow milky effect. Orange peel is caused by an uneven surface formation of large surface structures distorting the reflected light. Poor reflective contrast and shallow milky effect. Two high gloss surfaces can measure identically with a standard glossmeter but can be visually very different.
Another measure of reflectance, depending only on the outgoing direction, is I/F, where I is the radiance reflected in a given direction and F is the incoming radiance averaged over all directions, in other words, the total flux of radiation hitting the surface per unit area, divided by π. [2]
Surface roughness influences the specular reflectance levels; in the visible frequencies, the surface finish in the micrometre range is most relevant. The diagram on the right depicts the reflection at an angle on a rough surface with a characteristic roughness height variation . The path difference between rays reflected from the top and ...
In architecture, light reflectance value (LRV), is a measure of visible and usable light that is reflected from a surface when illuminated by a light source. [1] The measurement is most commonly used by design professionals, such as architectural color consultants , architects , environmental graphic designers and interior designers .
Diffuse and specular reflection from a glossy surface. [1] The rays represent luminous intensity , which varies according to Lambert's cosine law for an ideal diffuse reflector. Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light or other waves or particles from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered at many angles rather than ...
An integrating sphere can be used to measure the diffuse reflectance of surfaces, providing an average over all angles of illumination and observation. A number of methods exist to measure the absolute reflectance of a test object mounted on an integrating sphere. In 1916, E. B. Rosa and A. H. Taylor published the first such method. [7]
The Oren–Nayar reflectance model, developed by Michael Oren and Shree K. Nayar in 1993, [1] predicts reflectance from rough diffuse surfaces for the entire hemisphere of source and sensor directions. The model takes into account complex physical phenomena such as masking, shadowing and interreflections between points on the surface facets. It ...
Reflection Haze is an optical phenomenon usually associated with high gloss surfaces, it is a common surface problem that can affect appearance quality. The reflection from an ideal high gloss surface should be clear and radiant, however, due to scattering at imperfections in the surface caused by microscopic structures or textures (≈ 0.01 mm wavelength) the reflection can appear milky or ...