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In return, the zooxanthellae provide compounds that give energy to the coral through photosynthesis. [19] This relationship has allowed coral to survive for at least 210 million years in nutrient-poor environments. [19] Coral bleaching is caused by the breakdown of this relationship. [2] Coral bleaching in ecosystems is a complex dynamic.
The principal example is tert-butyl hypochlorite, which is a useful chlorinating agent. [3] Most hypochlorite salts are handled as aqueous solutions. Their primary applications are as bleaching, disinfection, and water treatment agents. They are also used in chemistry for chlorination and oxidation reactions.
Chlorine-releasing compounds, also known as chlorine base compounds, is jargon to describe certain chlorine-containing substances that are used as disinfectants and bleaches. They include the following chemicals: sodium hypochlorite (active agent in bleach ), chloramine , halazone , and sodium dichloroisocyanurate . [ 2 ]
Pure" samples have 99.2% active chlorine. Given common industrial purity, an active chlorine content of 65-70% is typical. [2] It is the main active ingredient of commercial products called bleaching powder, [a] used for water treatment and as a bleaching agent. [3]
Sodium hypochlorite is still the most important chlorine-based bleach. [10] [11] Its corrosive properties, common availability, and reaction products make it a significant safety risk. In particular, mixing liquid bleach with other cleaning products, such as acids found in limescale-removing products, will release chlorine gas.
Chlorine can result in the bleaching of the dye in the absence of thiosulfate to inhibit the oxidizing chlorine. High levels of bromine can convert phenol red to bromophenol red (dibromophenolsulfonephthalein, whose lowered p K a results in an indicator with a range shifted in the acidic direction – water at pH 6.8 will appear to test at 7.5).
Trichloroisocyanuric acid is an organic compound with the formula (CONCl) 3.It is used as an industrial disinfectant, bleaching agent and a reagent in organic synthesis. [1] [2] [3] This white crystalline powder, which has a strong "chlorine odour," is sometimes sold in tablet or granule form for domestic and industrial use.
Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cl O H, also written as HClO, HOCl, or ClHO. [2] [3] Its structure is H−O−Cl.It is an acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water, and itself partially dissociates, forming a hypochlorite anion, ClO −.