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A rectovestibular fistula, also referred to simply as a vestibular fistula, is an anorectal congenital disorder where an abnormal connection exists between the rectum and the vulval vestibule of the female genitalia. If the fistula occurs within the hymen, it is known as a rectovaginal fistula, a much rarer condition. [1]
Anorectal disorders include conditions involving the anorectal junction [1] as seen in the image. They are painful but common conditions like hemorrhoids, tears, fistulas, or abscesses that affect the anal region. [2] [3] Most people experience some form of anorectal disorder during their lifetime. [4]
There are several forms of imperforate anus and anorectal malformations. The new classification is in relation of the type of associated fistula. [7] The Wingspread classification was in low and high anomalies: [citation needed] A low lesion, in which the colon remains close to the skin.
Anorectal anomalies are congenital malformations of the anus and rectum. [1] One anal anomaly, imperforate anus has an estimated incidence of 1 in 5000 births. [2] [3] It affects boys and girls with similar frequency. [4] Examples of anorectal anomalies include: [citation needed] Anal stenosis; Proctitis; Anal bleeding; Anal fistula
Rectovaginal fistulas are often the result of trauma during childbirth (in which case it is known as obstetric fistula), with increased risk associated with significant lacerations or interventions are used such as episiotomy or operative (forceps/vacuum extraction) deliveries [2] or in situations where there is inadequate health care, such as in some developing countries.
Cloacas appear in a wide spectrum of variation in females born with the malformation. The severity of the condition depends on where the three tracts have joined together. [ 2 ] The single orifice, called a common channel, may occur varying in length from 1 to 10 cm. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The length of the common channel can be used to judge prognostic ...
Anorectal malformations, including imperforate anus/absence of an anal opening, rectovaginal fistula, anal stenosis, unusually placed anus. Kidney abnormalities, sometimes leading to impaired kidney function or kidney failure, including hypoplastic kidneys (underdeveloped), multicystic kidneys, dysplastic kidneys.
They usually occur to the sides of the sphincters, and between the internal and external sphincters, either on the surface, or deeper. They may get bigger, enlarging in the direction of the rectum, and resulting in an abnormal connection called an anorectal fistula. They are usually managed with surgical drainage [9] and antibiotics. [10] [11]