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Diffuse axonal injury after a motorcycle accident. MRI after 3 days: on T1-weighted images the injury is barely visible. On the FLAIR, DWI and T2*-weighted images a small bleed is identifiable. DAI is difficult to detect since it does not show up well on CT scans or with other macroscopic imaging techniques, though it shows up microscopically. [9]
Hemorrhagic parenchymal contusions and cerebral microhemorrhages are examples of traumatic intra-axial bleeds. [3] Extra-axial hemorrhage, bleeding that occurs within the skull but outside of the brain tissue, falls into three subtypes: epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. [3]
Lesions to V1, for example, can cause blindsight in different areas of the brain depending on the size of the lesion and location relative to the calcarine fissure. [24] Lesions to V4 can cause color-blindness , [ 25 ] and bilateral lesions to MT/V5 can cause the loss of the ability to perceive motion. [ 26 ]
The condition can be diagnosed and monitored with brain sonography and CT/MRI. These tests and a good medical history can help to identify external hydrocephalus from similar conditions: subdural hemorrhages or symptomatic chronic extra-axial fluid collections which are accompanied by vomiting, headaches, and seizures. [58] [59]
Thus, they expand inward toward the brain rather than along the inside of the skull, as occurs in subdural hematomas. Most people also have a skull fracture. [3] Epidural hematomas may occur in combination with subdural hematomas, or either may occur alone. [10] CT scans reveal subdural or epidural hematomas in 20% of unconscious people. [15]
The patient may become paralyzed on the same side as the lesion causing the pressure, or damage to parts of the brain caused by herniation may cause paralysis on the side opposite the lesion. [11] Damage to the midbrain, which contains the reticular activating network which regulates consciousness, will result in coma. [11]
People with intracerebral bleeding have symptoms that correspond to the functions controlled by the area of the brain that is damaged by the bleed. [15] These localizing signs and symptoms can include hemiplegia (or weakness localized to one side of the body) and paresthesia (loss of sensation) including hemisensory loss (if localized to one ...
Medical condition Subarachnoid hemorrhage Other names Subarachnoid haemorrhage CT scan of the brain showing subarachnoid hemorrhage as a white area in the center (marked by the arrow) and stretching into the sulci to either side Pronunciation / ˌ s ʌ b ə ˈ r æ k n ɔɪ d ˈ h ɛ m ər ɪ dʒ / Specialty Neurosurgery, Neurology Symptoms Severe headache of rapid onset, vomiting, decreased ...