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Pericardiectomy is the surgical removal of part or most of the pericardium. [1] [2] This operation is most commonly used to relieve constrictive pericarditis, or to remove a pericardium that is calcified and fibrous. [2] It may also be used for severe or recurrent cases of pericardial effusion. [3]
Andermann syndrome, also known as agenesis of corpus callosum with neuronopathy (ACCPN), Charlevoix disease and KCC3 axonopathy among other names, [1] is a very rare neurodegenerative genetic disorder that damages the nerves used to control muscles and related to sensation and is often associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum. [1] [2] [3 ...
Pulmonary artery agenesis refers to a rare congenital absence of pulmonary artery due to a malformation in the sixth aortic arch. It can occur bilaterally, with both left and right pulmonary arteries being absent, or unilaterally, the absence of either left or right pulmonary artery (UAPA).
This places the heart in proximity to the chest wall for easier insertion of the needle into the pericardial sac. [5] [7] For patients that are awake, a local anaesthetic is applied. [8] A large needle is inserted through the skin of the chest into the pericardium, and the practitioner aspirates the pericardial effusion into a syringe. [6]
The definitive treatment for constrictive pericarditis is pericardial stripping, which is a surgical procedure where the entire pericardium is peeled away from the heart. This procedure has significant risk involved, [ 14 ] with mortality rates of 6% or higher in major referral centers.
A catheter is often left in the pericardium to continue draining any remaining fluid after the initial procedure. [7] The catheter can be removed when the hemopericardium no longer persists. The underlying causes of the condition, such as over-prescription of anticoagulants , must be addressed as well so that the hemopericardium does not return.
The pericardium, the double-walled sac surrounding the heart, consists of a fibrous pericardium layer on the outside and a double-layered serous pericardium on the inside. [18] Between the two layers of the serous pericardium is the pericardial space, which is filled with lubricating serous fluid that prevents friction as the heart contracts. [19]
Treatment for purulent pericarditis consists of two main components. [3] Antimicrobial therapy. Empiric intravenous antimicrobial therapy is recommended as soon as a diagnosis of purulent pericarditis is suspected. [3] Pericardial drainage. There are several therapeutic mechanisms that can be used to drain purulent fluid from the pericardial sac.
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