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  2. Patterns in nature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patterns_in_nature

    Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form found in the natural world. These patterns recur in different contexts and can sometimes be modelled mathematically . Natural patterns include symmetries , trees , spirals , meanders , waves , foams , tessellations , cracks and stripes. [ 1 ]

  3. The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chemical_Basis_of...

    It describes how patterns in nature, such as stripes and spirals, can arise naturally from a homogeneous, uniform state. The theory, which can be called a reaction–diffusion theory of morphogenesis, has become a basic model in theoretical biology. [2] Such patterns have come to be known as Turing patterns.

  4. Turing pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_pattern

    Three examples of Turing patterns Six stable states from Turing equations, the last one forms Turing patterns. The Turing pattern is a concept introduced by English mathematician Alan Turing in a 1952 paper titled "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis" which describes how patterns in nature, such as stripes and spots, can arise naturally and autonomously from a homogeneous, uniform state.

  5. Logarithmic spiral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_spiral

    A logarithmic spiral, equiangular spiral, or growth spiral is a self-similar spiral curve that often appears in nature. The first to describe a logarithmic spiral was Albrecht Dürer (1525) who called it an "eternal line" ("ewige Linie").

  6. Fibonacci sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence

    Singh cites Pingala's cryptic formula misrau cha ("the two are mixed") and scholars who interpret it in context as saying that the number of patterns for m beats (F m+1) is obtained by adding one [S] to the F m cases and one [L] to the F m−1 cases. [12] Bharata Muni also expresses knowledge of the sequence in the Natya Shastra (c. 100 BC–c ...

  7. List of mathematical constants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_constants

    A mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. [1]

  8. Mathematical universe hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_universe...

    Tegmark maintains that MUH is testable, stating that it predicts (a) that "physics research will uncover mathematical regularities in nature", and (b) by assuming that we occupy a typical member of the multiverse of mathematical structures, one could "start testing multiverse predictions by assessing how typical our universe is".

  9. Mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics

    This constituted a major change of paradigm: Instead of defining real numbers as lengths of line segments (see number line), it allowed the representation of points using their coordinates, which are numbers. Algebra (and later, calculus) can thus be used to solve geometrical problems.