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During ≈15 km uphill cycling on high mountain passes they cycle about 70 r/min. [1] Cyclists choose cadence to minimise muscular fatigue, and not metabolic demand, since oxygen consumption is lower at cadences 60-70 r/min. [2] While fast cadence is also referred to as "spinning", slow cadence is referred to as "mashing" or "grinding".
Different cyclists may have different preferences for cadence, riding position, and pedalling force. Prolonged exertion of too much force in too high a gear at too low a cadence can increase the chance of knee damage; [1] cadence above 100 rpm becomes less effective after short bursts, as during a sprint. [1]
Reducing the weight of the bike + rider by 1 kg would increase speed by 0.01 m/s at 9 m/s on the flat (5 seconds in a 32 km/h (20 mph), 40-kilometre (25 mile) time trial). The same reduction on a 7% grade would be worth 0.04 m/s (90 kg bike + rider) to 0.07 m/s (65 kg bike + rider).
Exercise intensity (%W max) and substrate use in skeletal muscle during aerobic activity (cycling) [11] Exercise intensity (W Max) At rest 40%W max. Very low-intensity 55%W max. Low-intensity 75%W max. Moderate-intensity Percent of substrate. contribution to total energy expenditure. Plasma glucose: 44% 10% 13% 18% Muscle glycogen - 35% 38% 58% ...
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A bike is also an example of an inverted pendulum. Just as a broomstick is more easily balanced in the hand than a pencil, a tall bike (with a high center of mass) can be easier to balance when ridden than a low one because the tall bike's lean rate (rate at which its angle of lean increases as it begins to fall over) will be slower. [38]
A graph comparing the number of cycles to failure for low cycle fatigue and high cycle fatigue. Through many experiments, it has been found that characteristics of a material can change as a result of LCF. Fracture ductility tends to decrease, with the magnitude depending on the presence of small cracks to begin with.