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  2. Multi-component gas analyzer system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-Component_Gas...

    CO 2 /H 2 S ratios are used to define the characteristic gas composition of the sampled area. [16] The ratio can be a tool for understanding how the magmatic gas may have been scrubbed. [16] Other molar ratios and gas species measured by a multi-GAS can provide information for further analysis of volcanic conditions. [3]

  3. Tiltmeter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiltmeter

    Volcano and Earth movement monitoring then used the water-tube, long baseline tiltmeter. [2] In 1919, the physicist, Albert A. Michelson, noted that the most favorable arrangement to obtain high sensitivity and immunity from temperature perturbations is to use the equipotential surface defined by water in a buried half-filled water pipe. [3]

  4. Mount Edziza - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Edziza

    Indigenous peoples have lived adjacent to Mount Edziza for thousands of years and it is a sacred mountain to the Tahltan people who historically used volcanic glass from it to make tools and weaponry. Mineral exploration just southeast of Mount Edziza had commenced by the 1950s where gold, silver and other metals were discovered. This mineral ...

  5. List of free geology software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_free_geology_software

    The list is split into broad categories, depending on the intended use of the software and its scope of functionality. Notice that 'free and open-source' requires that the source code is available and users are given a free software license. Simple being 'free of charge' is not sufficient—see gratis versus libre.

  6. Seismometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismometer

    Seismographic systems used for petroleum or other mineral exploration historically used an explosive and a wireline of geophones unrolled behind a truck. Now most short-range systems use "thumpers" that hit the ground, and some small commercial systems have such good digital signal processing that a few sledgehammer strikes provide enough ...

  7. Prediction of volcanic activity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prediction_of_volcanic...

    Prediction of volcanic activity, and volcanic eruption forecasting, is an interdisciplinary monitoring and research effort to predict the time and severity of a volcano's eruption. Of particular importance is the prediction of hazardous eruptions that could lead to catastrophic loss of life, property, and disruption of human activities.

  8. Volcanology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanology

    Surface deformation monitoring includes the use of geodetic techniques such as leveling, tilt, strain, angle and distance measurements through tiltmeters, total stations and EDMs. This also includes GNSS observations and InSAR. [4] Surface deformation indicates magma upwelling: increased magma supply produces bulges in the volcanic center's ...

  9. Prospecting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prospecting

    Prospecting pickaxes are used to scrape at rocks and minerals, obtaining small samples that can be tested for trace amounts of ore. Modern prospecting pickaxes are also sometimes equipped with magnets, to aid in the gathering of ferromagnetic ores. Prospecting pickaxes are usually equipped with a triangular head, with a very sharp point.