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The model of communication as constitutive of organizations has origins in the linguistic approach to organizational communication taken in the 1980s. [4] Theorists such as Karl E. Weick [5] were among the first to posit that organizations were not static but inherently comprised by a dynamic process of communicating.
In telecommunications, a message exchange pattern (MEP) describes the pattern of messages required by a communications protocol to establish or use a communication channel. The communications protocol is the format used to represent the message which all communicating parties agree on (or are capable to process).
In software engineering, the blackboard pattern is a behavioral design pattern [1] that provides a computational framework for the design and implementation of systems that integrate large and diverse specialized modules, and implement complex, non-deterministic control strategies.
Organizational patterns are inspired in large part by the principles of the software pattern community, that in turn takes it cues from Christopher Alexander's work on patterns of the built world. [ 1 ] Organizational patterns also have roots in Kroeber 's classic anthropological texts on the patterns that underlie culture and society.
Many models of communication include the idea that a sender encodes a message and uses a channel to transmit it to a receiver. Noise may distort the message along the way. The receiver then decodes the message and gives some form of feedback. [1] Models of communication simplify or represent the process of communication.
[4] [5] Later, Wilbur Schramm introduced a model that identified multiple variables in communication which includes the transmitter, encoding, media, decoding, and receiver. [ 6 ] In Berlo's SMCR model, the sender is one who sends the message, the receiver receives the message, which is transmitted through the channel where disturbances might ...
The SMCR model influenced the development of later models, often in the form of extensions to it. Marshall McLuhan extended the SMCR model by including interpretation as one of the steps of the receiver. [4] Gerhard Maletzke applied the SMCR model to mass communication in his 1978 book The Psychology of Mass Communication.
Trent Limited (portmanteau of Tata Retail Enterprise) is an Indian retail company, which is part of the Tata Group and based in Mumbai.Started in 1998, Trent owns and operates fashion and lifestyle retail formats such as Westside, Zudio and Utsa.