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An ultra-low-emission vehicle (ULEV) is a motor vehicle that emits extremely low levels of motor vehicle emissions compared to other vehicles. In some jurisdictions it is defined in law; low and ultra low emission vehicles may be given tax or other advantages, [1] while high emission vehicles may suffer restrictions or additional taxation.
Automakers with excess credits can sell them. No automaker has ever missed compliance. [4] Originally, PZEVs were available only in California, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, Oregon, Vermont, some regions near those states, and Canada. The six "clean-car states" had implemented California's motor-vehicle pollution-control rules.
The Clean Air Act of 1963 (CAA) was passed as an extension of the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, encouraging the federal government via the United States Public Health Service under the then-Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) to encourage research and development towards reducing pollution and working with states to establish their own emission reduction programs.
The SULEV standard is stricter than the standard for LEV (low emission vehicle) and ULEV (ultra-low-emission vehicle), however not as strict as PZEV (partial zero-emissions vehicle) which meets the SULEV standard for tailpipe emissions, but has zero instead of reduced evaporative emissions.
The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) are U.S. federal vehicle regulations specifying design, construction, performance, and durability requirements for motor vehicles and regulated automobile safety-related components, systems, and design features.
Emission standards are the legal requirements governing air pollutants released into the atmosphere.Emission standards set quantitative limits on the permissible amount of specific air pollutants that may be released from specific sources over specific timeframes.
Compliance is determined by running the engine at a standardised test cycle. [12] Non-compliant vehicles cannot be sold in the EU, but new standards do not apply to vehicles already on the roads. [13] No use of specific technologies is mandated to meet the standards, though available technology is considered when setting the standards.
General Motors EV1, the first compliance car in the United States. A compliance car is an alternative fuel vehicle that is explicitly designed to meet tightening government regulations for low-emission vehicle sales, while the automobile manufacturer restricts sales to specific jurisdictions to meet the rules, or limits production, or both.