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Nitrogen dioxide poisoning is the illness resulting from the toxic effect of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2). It usually occurs after the inhalation of the gas beyond the threshold limit value. [1] Nitrogen dioxide is reddish-brown with a very harsh smell at high concentrations, at lower concentrations it is colorless but may still have a harsh odour.
For nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), the guidelines set 10 μg/m 3 for the annual mean or 25 μg/m 3 for a 24-hours mean. [2] For sulfur dioxide (SO 2), the guidelines stipulate concentrations not exceeding 40 μg/m 3 24-hour mean. [2] For carbon monoxide concentrations not exceeding 4 mg/m 3 24-hour mean. [2]
In atmospheric chemistry, NO x is shorthand for nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), the nitrogen oxides that are most relevant for air pollution. [1] [2] These gases contribute to the formation of smog and acid rain, as well as affecting tropospheric ozone.
Air pollution can occur naturally or be caused by human activities. [4] Air pollution causes around 7 or 8 million deaths each year. [5] [6] It is a significant risk factor for a number of pollution-related diseases, including heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and lung cancer.
Nitrogen dioxide is poisonous and can be fatal if inhaled in large quantities. [8] Cooking with a gas stove produces nitrogen dioxide which causes poorer indoor air quality. Combustion of gas can lead to increased concentrations of nitrogen dioxide throughout the home environment which is linked to respiratory issues and diseases.
Among these are nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), all of which are covered in the NAAQS. NO 2 is the oxide measured and used as the indicator for the entire NO x family as it is of the most concern due to its quick formation and contribution to the formation of harmful ground level ozone. [ 18 ]
This kind of visible air pollution is composed of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxide, ozone, smoke and other particulates. Man-made smog is derived from coal combustion emissions, vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, forest and agricultural fires and photochemical reactions of these emissions.
Domestic combustion pollution is mainly composed of burning fuel including wood, gas, and charcoal in activities of heating, cooking, agriculture, and wildfires. [15] Major domestic pollutants contain 17% of carbon dioxide, 13% of carbon monoxide, 6% of nitrogen monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and fine and ultrafine particles. [16]