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Vertebral fixation (also known as "spinal fixation") is an orthopedic surgical procedure in which two or more vertebrae are anchored to each other through a synthetic "vertebral fixation device", with the aim of reducing vertebral mobility and thus avoiding possible damage to the spinal cord and/or spinal roots.
Fracture of C2, including Hangman's fracture; Flexion teardrop fracture – a fracture of the anteroinferior aspect of a cervical vertebra; Clay-shoveler fracture – fracture through the spinous process of a vertebra occurring at any of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae; Burst fracture – in which a vertebra breaks from a high ...
The fracture is often unstable. [1] Treatment may be conservative with the use of a brace or via surgery. [1] The fracture is currently rare. [7] It was first described by G. Q. Chance, a radiologist from Manchester, UK, in 1948. [3] [13] The fracture was more common in the 1950s and 1960s before shoulder harnesses became common. [3] [5]
The vast majority of spondylolysis occur in the lumbar vertebrae, however it can also be seen in cervical vertebrae. [2] The lumbar vertebra consist of a body, pedicle, lamina, pars interarticularis, transverse process, spinous process and superior and inferior articular facets, which form joints that link the vertebrae together. When examining ...
It can be classified by the part of the spine affected into cervical, thoracic, and lumbar stenosis. [2] Lumbar stenosis is the most common, followed by cervical stenosis. [2] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and medical imaging. [4] Treatment may involve medications, bracing, or surgery. [6]
The fifth lumbar vertebra is characterized by its body being much deeper in front than behind, which accords with the prominence of the sacrovertebral articulation; by the smaller size of its spinous process; by the wide interval between the inferior articular processes, and by the thickness of its transverse processes, which spring from the ...
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PPIVM is used as an assessment technique to assist with identifying the location, nature, severity and irritability of vertebral symptoms. They can be used to test for cervical or lumbar joint hypermobility or instability, or whether a joint is locked. PPIVM assessments test the movement available at a specific spinal level through the ...