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A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities are on the right-hand side with a plus sign between the entities in both the reactants and the products, and an arrow that points towards the products to show the direction of the reaction. [1]
Stoichiometry is not only used to balance chemical equations but also used in conversions, i.e., converting from grams to moles using molar mass as the conversion factor, or from grams to milliliters using density. For example, to find the amount of NaCl (sodium chloride) in 2.00 g, one would do the following:
Many people apply individual rules, e.g. "to obtain length in centimeters multiply the length in inches by 2.54", but combining several such conversions is laborious and prone to mistakes. A better way is to use the factor-label method , which is closely related to dimensional analysis , and quantity calculus explained in sections 1.1 and 7.1 ...
Theoretical chemistry requires quantities from core physics, such as time, volume, temperature, and pressure.But the highly quantitative nature of physical chemistry, in a more specialized way than core physics, uses molar amounts of substance rather than simply counting numbers; this leads to the specialized definitions in this article.
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. [1] It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances.
The radius ratio rules are a first approximation which have some success in predicting coordination numbers, but many exceptions do exist. [3] In a set of over 5000 oxides, only 66% of coordination environments agree with Pauling's first rule. Oxides formed with alkali or alkali-earth metal cations that contain multiple cation coordinations are ...
Often, constructing local balance equations is equivalent to removing the outer summations in the global balance equations for certain terms. [ 1 ] During the 1980s it was thought local balance was a requirement for a product-form equilibrium distribution , [ 10 ] [ 11 ] but Gelenbe 's G-network model showed this not to be the case.
In the absence of a chemical reaction the amount of any chemical species flowing in and out will be the same; this gives rise to an equation for each species present in the system. However, if this is not the case then the mass balance equation must be amended to allow for the generation or depletion (consumption) of each chemical species.