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A number of Bantu languages are indigenous to Mozambique. Portuguese, inherited from the colonial period (see: Portuguese Mozambique), is the official language, and Mozambique is a full member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. [1] Ethnologue lists 43 languages spoken in the country.
Makhuwa (Emakhuwa; also spelt Makua and Macua) is the primary Bantu language of northern Mozambique. It is spoken by roughly 5.8 million Makua people, [3] who live north of the Zambezi River, particularly in Nampula Province, which is virtually entirely ethnically Makua. [4] It is the most widely spoken indigenous language of Mozambique.
The Makua people, also known as Makhuwa or Wamakua, are a Bantu ethnic group found in northern Mozambique and the southern border provinces of Tanzania such as the Mtwara Region. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] They are the largest ethnic group in Mozambique, and primarily concentrated in a large region to the north of the Zambezi River .
The official language is Portuguese, English is sometimes spoken in major cities such as Maputo and Beira.According to the 2007 census, 50.4% of the national population aged 5 and older (80.8% of people living in urban areas and 36.3% in rural areas) is fluent in Portuguese, making it the most widely spoken language in the country. [3]
The Thonga people settled at various parts of southern Africa and thus different cultural identities were born who still identify with a common heritage. The Tembe people of KwaZulu-Natal, for example, still praise themselves as "amaThonga" but are now a part of the Zulu language and culture after being integrated in northern KwaZulu Natal. [6]
It is estimated to be about 1.4 million in Mozambique, [4] and about 0.5 million in Malawi. [5] The Sena people in Malawi and Zimbabwe arrived from Mozambique and settled there in early 20th century as migrant laborers. [1] [3] They speak the Sena language, [6] also called Chisena or Cisena, which is part of the Bantu language family.
The Makoa speak a dialect of the Malagasy language, which is a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian language group derived from the Barito languages, spoken in southern Borneo. Historically they spoke Emakhuwa, the language spoken in northern Mozambique; church hymns and portions of the Bible were translated to Emakhuwa by Makoa Lutheran converts ...
The Mwani people (Kimwani/Kiswahili: Wamwani; Portuguese: Muane) are a Bantu ethnic group primarily inhabiting the coastline of the Cabo Delgado Province of Mozambique. [3] The Mwani people speak the Kimwani language , [ 4 ] [ 2 ] also known as the Ibo language, [ 5 ] which is a Bantu language belonging to the Niger-Congo language family. [ 4 ]