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The final character of a ten-digit International Standard Book Number is a check digit computed so that multiplying each digit by its position in the number (counting from the right) and taking the sum of these products modulo 11 is 0. The digit the farthest to the right (which is multiplied by 1) is the check digit, chosen to make the sum correct.
Therefore, systems that pad to a specific number of digits (by converting 1234 to 0001234 for instance) can perform Luhn validation before or after the padding and achieve the same result. The algorithm appeared in a United States Patent [1] for a simple, hand-held, mechanical device for computing the checksum. The device took the mod 10 sum by ...
According to the 2001 edition of the International ISBN Agency's official user manual, [49] the ISBN-10 check digit (which is the last digit of the 10-digit ISBN) must range from 0 to 10 (the symbol 'X' is used for 10), and must be such that the sum of the ten digits, each multiplied by its (integer) weight, descending from 10 to 1, is a ...
In 2007, the length of an ISBN changed from 10 to 13 digits, and a new 3-digit prefix (978 or 979) was added in front of 10-digit ISBNs. [2] The following registration groups are compatible with or without a 978- prefix:
The original number is valid if and only if = . To generate a check digit, append a 0 , perform the calculation: the correct check digit is i n v ( c ) {\displaystyle inv(c)} . Examples
This template is used to mark an International Standard Book Number that may not be valid. Example: Example: {{ ISBN | 1-897311-56-7 }}{{ Please check ISBN }}
Special:BookSources is the page to which each ISBN links. It links to many sources for a book throughout the world. You can also manually enter an ISBN – but you should click the linked ISBN to WP:Verify that the link is good. Category:International Standard Book Number includes all Wikipedia articles and templates directly related to ISBNs.
One place to get the numbers is the Library of Congress catalog, although this will tend to give an American ISBN over, say, an Indian (see one of the National Depository Centres) or Australian (see National Library Australia) ISBN. For a Canadian number, you can use the Canadian ISBN Service System – CISS. If you are adding an ISBN, remember ...