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It has become more than just reading and writing, and now includes visual, technological, and social uses among others. [31] Georgia Tech's writing and communication program created a definition of multimodality based on the acronym, WOVEN. [33] The acronym explains how communication can be written, oral, visual, electronic, and nonverbal.
In the 1970s, the Process Theory of Composition focused on writing as a process. Linda Flower and John Hayes studied problem finding and solving, and argued this was a creative cognitive activity that writing and art had in common. [13] Flower and Hayes also argue that writing is multimodal thinking, because writers don't think in just words.
Information professionals work in a variety of public, private, non-profit, and academic institutions. Information professionals can also be found within organisational and industrial contexts, and are performing roles that include system design and development and system analysis.
Informatics (a combination of the words "information" and "automatic") is the study of computational systems. [1] [2] According to the ACM Europe Council and Informatics Europe, informatics is synonymous with computer science and computing as a profession, [3] in which the central notion is transformation of information.
The history of computational thinking as a concept dates back at least to the 1950s but most ideas are much older. [6] [3] Computational thinking involves ideas like abstraction, data representation, and logically organizing data, which are also prevalent in other kinds of thinking, such as scientific thinking, engineering thinking, systems thinking, design thinking, model-based thinking, and ...
Information fusion, which is a related term, involves the combination of information into a new set of information towards reducing redundancy and uncertainty. [1] Examples of technologies available to integrate information include deduplication, and string metrics which allow the detection of similar text in different data sources by fuzzy ...
Some of the major criticisms of the study have been that five of the eight datasets consisted of paragraphs rather than essays, four of the eight data sets were graded by human readers for content only rather than for writing ability, and that rather than measuring human readers and the AES machines against the "true score", the average of the ...
In the context of information retrieval, a thesaurus (plural: "thesauri") is a form of controlled vocabulary that seeks to dictate semantic manifestations of metadata in the indexing of content objects. A thesaurus serves to minimise semantic ambiguity by ensuring uniformity and consistency in the storage and retrieval of the manifestations of ...