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The atrophied thyroid tissue will return to regular production of thyroid hormone which avoids the risk of iatrogenic hypothyroidism with other treatment options. [2] In one study after 4 years 84% of cats were euthyroid and 4% were hypothyroid. [6] Thyroid carcinomata are uncommon but difficult to diagnose and require higher dosage to treat.
Dendritic spikes have been recorded in numerous types of neurons in the brain and are thought to have great implications in neuronal communication, memory, and learning. They are one of the major factors in long-term potentiation. A dendritic spike is initiated in the same manner as that of an axonal action potential.
An autonomous thyroid nodule or "hot nodule" is one that has thyroid function independent of the homeostatic control of the HPT axis (hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis). According to a 1993 article, such nodules need to be treated only if they become toxic; surgical excision (thyroidectomy), radioiodine therapy, or both may be used. [32]
Simple spikes occur at rates of 17 – 150 Hz (Raman and Bean, 1999), either spontaneously or when Purkinje cells are activated synaptically by the parallel fibers, the axons of the granule cells. Complex spikes are slow, 1–3 Hz spikes, characterized by an initial prolonged large-amplitude spike, followed by a high-frequency burst of smaller ...
Toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), also known as multinodular toxic goiter (MNTG), is an active multinodular goiter associated with hyperthyroidism.. It is a common cause of hyperthyroidism [2] [3] in which there is excess production of thyroid hormones from functionally autonomous thyroid nodules, which do not require stimulation from thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
Mastocytoma are the second most common skin tumor in cats. [14] They are usually single nodules in the skin, most commonly on the head and neck; in about one quarter of cats, the nodules become ulcerated. [14] Multiple nodules occur in about 20% of cases. [14] Melanomas are not common in cats but when they are, they manifest as basal cell ...
Since 2010, there is also a Bethesda system used for cytopathology of thyroid nodules, which is called The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC or BSRTC). Like TBS, it was the result of a conference sponsored by the NIH and is published in book editions (currently by Springer).
Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are cells of the immune system found in primary and secondary lymph follicles (lymph nodes) of the B cell areas of the lymphoid tissue. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Unlike dendritic cells (DC), FDCs are not derived from the bone-marrow hematopoietic stem cell , but are of mesenchymal origin. [ 4 ]