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Tissue necrosis, bacteremia, emphysematous cholecystitis, and gas gangrene, also known as clostridial myonecrosis, have been linked to infections associated with C. perfringens. [43] Research suggests that C. perfringens is capable of engaging in polymicrobial anaerobic infections. [44]
This list of dog diseases is a selection of diseases and other conditions found in the dog. Some of these diseases are unique to dogs or closely related species, while others are found in other animals, including humans.
Most commonly emphysema refers to the permanent enlargement of air spaces in the lungs, [5] [6] and is also known as pulmonary emphysema. Emphysema is a lower respiratory tract disease, [ 7 ] characterised by enlarged air-filled spaces in the lungs , that can vary in size and may be very large.
Cholecystitis accounts for 3–10% of cases of abdominal pain worldwide. [43] Cholecystitis caused an estimated 651,829 emergency department visits and 389,180 hospital admissions in the US in 2012. [44] The 2012 US mortality rate was 0.7 per 100,000 people. [44] The frequency of cholecystitis is highest in people age 50–69 years old. [43]
Reynolds' pentad is a collection of signs and symptoms consistent with obstructive ascending cholangitis, a serious infection of the biliary tract.It is a combination of Charcot's triad (right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, and fever) with shock (low blood pressure, tachycardia) and an altered mental status. [1]
It can result from acute lung injury or a lung disease like emphysema. Lung procedures, like surgery, drainage of fluid with a needle, examination of the lung from the inside with a light and a camera, or mechanical ventilation, also can cause a pneumothorax. The most common symptom is sudden pain in one side of the lung and shortness of breath.
Patients that have gallstones and biliary colic are at increased risk for complications, including cholecystitis. [18] Complications from gallstone disease is 0.3% per year and therefore prophylactic cholecystectomy are rarely indicated unless part of a special population that includes porcelain gallbladder , individuals eligible for organ ...
Fibrosis of the gallbladder is another chronic process that occurs due to repeated acute inflammation (i.e., chronic cholecystitis), resulting in a shrunken, fibrotic (therefore hard), and calcified gallbladder ("porcelain gallbladder"), which typically will not present with Courvoisier's sign and is diagnosed with imaging.