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Carrier-grade NAT. Carrier-grade NAT (CGN or CGNAT), also known as large-scale NAT (LSN), is a type of network address translation (NAT) used by ISPs in IPv4 network design. With CGNAT, end sites, in particular residential networks, are configured with private network addresses that are translated to public IPv4 addresses by middlebox network address translator devices embedded in the network ...
If an ISP deploys a CGN and uses private Internet address space [2] (networks 10.0.0.0 / 8, 172.16.0.0 / 12, 192.168.0.0 / 16) to connect their customers, there is a risk that customer equipment using an internal network in the same range will stop working.
The IP address of a public server is also important, similar in global uniqueness to a postal address or telephone number. Both IP address and port number must be correctly known by all hosts wishing to successfully communicate. Private IP addresses as described in RFC 1918 are usable only on private networks not directly connected to the internet.
Some large / 8 blocks of IPv4 addresses, the former Class A network blocks, are assigned in whole to single organizations or related groups of organizations, either by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), through the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), or a regional Internet registry.
In the Internet addressing architecture, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) have reserved various Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for special purposes. [1]
Alternatively, when the calling party is at the IP side, the User Agent (UA) piece of software of the dialler will allow to dial a E.164 number, but the dialler UA will convert it into a URI, to be used for looking-up at the ENUM gateway DNS and fetch the NAPTR record obtaining the called party wishes about how the call should be forwarded or ...
Both long-term (for an IP camera or a temperature sensor acting as a server, for example) and short-term mappings (while playing an online computer game, for example) are supported. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] PCP supports transport layer protocols that use 16-bit port numbers (for example, TCP , UDP , Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) or ...
CIK Telecom is a wholesale-network-access-based service provider, connecting its services from Bell Canada, Rogers Communications, Cogeco, Shaw Communications.It provides DSL, Cable and Fiber Internet, VoIP phone services and Cable TV services to residential and business customers.
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