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Avian influenza, also known as avian flu or bird flu, is a disease caused by the influenza A virus, which primarily affects birds but can sometimes affect mammals including humans. [1] Wild aquatic birds are the primary host of the influenza A virus, which is enzootic (continually present) in many bird populations.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/H5N1) is a subtype of the influenza A virus, which causes the disease avian influenza (often referred to as "bird flu"). It is enzootic (maintained in the population) in many bird populations, and also panzootic (affecting animals of many species over a wide area). [ 1 ]
On August 9, the Colorado Department of Public Health reported bird flu in domestic cats, including indoor-only cats. [90] In late August, H5N1 had spread to dairy cow herds in California. [91] On August 22, the first person in the U.S. who didn't work with poultry or dairy cows was hospitalized with the H5 influenza virus.
To unambiguously describe a specific isolate of virus, researchers use the Influenza virus nomenclature, [27] which describes, among other things, the subtype, year, and place of collection. Some examples include: [28] A/Rio de Janeiro/62434/2021 (H3N2). [28] The starting A indicates that the virus is an influenza A virus.
On July 25, 2008, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) released an Avian Influenza Disease Emergency Situation Update, reporting that H5N1 pathogenicity was continuing to gradually rise in endemic areas but the avian influenza disease situation in farmed birds was being held in check by vaccination. Eleven outbreaks of H5N1 were reported ...
Avian flu virus can last indefinitely at a temperature dozens of degrees below freezing, as is found in the northernmost areas that migratory birds frequent. [citation needed] Heat kills H5N1 (i.e. inactivates the virus). Influenza A viruses can survive: Over 30 days at 0 °C (32.0 °F) (over one month at freezing temperature)
The virus saw over 7,000 birds succumbing to the virus. As a result, the company, culled over 140,000 birds to prevent the spread of the virus. [20] Even though a ban on all avian products from Zimbabwe was issued, on 22 June an outbreak [21] [22] was reported at a commercial broiler poultry farm outside Villiers, South Africa after 5,000 ...
Low pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 virus in poultry later gained accentuated virulence in the United States [14] and Mexico. [15] A highly pathogenic strain of H5N2 caused flu outbreaks with significant spread to numerous farms, resulting in great economic losses in 1983 in Pennsylvania, USA in chickens and turkeys, in 1994 in Mexico in ...