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The Moens–Korteweg equation states that PWV is proportional to the square root of the incremental elastic modulus, (E inc), of the vessel wall given constant ratio of wall thickness, h, to vessel radius, r, and blood density, ρ, assuming that the artery wall is isotropic and experiences isovolumetric change with pulse pressure. [5]
The alveolar gas equation is the method for calculating partial pressure of alveolar oxygen (p A O 2). The equation is used in assessing if the lungs are properly transferring oxygen into the blood. The alveolar air equation is not widely used in clinical medicine, probably because of the complicated appearance of its classic forms.
They also equalize the pressure in adjacent alveoli and, combined with increased distribution of surfactant, thus play an important role in prevention of collapse of the lung. [ 6 ] Unlike adults, in children these inter-alveolar connections are poorly developed which aids in limiting the spread of infection.
Firstly, as the air enters the lungs, it is humidified by the upper airway and thus the partial pressure of water vapour (47 mmHg) reduces the oxygen partial pressure to about 150 mmHg. The rest of the difference is due to the continual uptake of oxygen by the pulmonary capillaries , and the continual diffusion of CO 2 out of the capillaries ...
Insufficient surfactant in the lungs of preterm infants causes infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS). The lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio is a measure of fetal amniotic fluid to indicate lung maturity or immaturity. [28] A low ratio indicates a risk factor for IRDS. Lecithin and sphingomyelin are two of the glycolipids of pulmonary surfactant.
Consequently the vessels wall are more stretched so the caliber of the vessels increases causing an increase in flow due to lower resistance. Zone 4 can be seen at the lung bases at low lung volumes or in pulmonary edema. Pulmonary interstitial pressure (Pi) rises as lung volume decreases due to reduced radial tethering of the lung parenchyma ...
White lung pneumonia is not a specific type of pneumonia, Dr. Ganjian says. “It is simply a term that has been used to describe pneumonia that appears white on chest X-rays,” he explains.
The increased lung pressure pushes the air out of the lungs. [2] The primary function of ventilation is the replacement of the stale gases in the lungs with oxygen-rich air through the removal of carbon dioxide for oxygenation of the blood. [5] The oxygen is then supplied to the entire body through the circulatory system.