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The Channel Tunnel (French: Tunnel sous la Manche), sometimes referred to by the portmanteau Chunnel, [3] [4] is a 50.46 km (31.35-mile) undersea railway tunnel, opened in 1994, that connects Folkestone (Kent, England) with Coquelles (Pas-de-Calais, France) beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover.
The final cost for the tunnel's construction came to around £9.5 billion, roughly double TML's original estimate of £4.7 billion. [8] [9] This overrun has been attributed, in part, as a response to enhanced safety, security, and environmental demands. [10] Financing costs were 140% higher than forecast. [11]
The first successful tunnelling shield was developed by Sir Marc Isambard Brunel to excavate the Thames Tunnel in 1825. However, this was only the invention of the shield concept and did not involve the construction of a complete tunnel boring machine, the digging still having to be accomplished by the then standard excavation methods.
LeShuttle [1] (formerly Eurotunnel Le Shuttle and also known as The Shuttle) is a railway shuttle service between Calais in France and Folkestone in the United Kingdom.It conveys road vehicles (including cars, bicycles and motorcycles) and passengers (including some animals) by rail through the Channel Tunnel.
High Speed 1 (HS1), legally the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL), is a 109.9-kilometre (68.3-mile) high-speed railway linking London with the Channel Tunnel.. It is part of the line carrying international passenger traffic between the United Kingdom and mainland Europe; it also carries domestic passenger traffic to and from stations in Kent and east London, and continental European loading ...
On 7 October 2010, it was reported that Eurostar had selected Siemens as preferred bidder to supply 10 Siemens Velaro [182] trainsets at a cost of €600 million [183] These would be sixteen-car, self-propelled, 400-metre-long (1,300 ft) trainsets built to meet Channel Tunnel requirements. [184]
Another modern variation, intended to reduce costs, is a submerged floating tunnel about 160 feet (49 m) below the ocean surface, in order to avoid ships, bad weather, and the high pressure associated with a much deeper tunnel near the sea bed. It would consist of 54,000 prefabricated sections held in place by 100,000 tethering cables.
Construction started in January 2018, halted October 2019 due to expected cost overruns, revised plan and 48% cost increase approved November 2020; construction restarted late 2021. [122] Will be the longest road tunnel in the world, and also the deepest undersea tunnel, 392 metres (1,286 ft) below sea level.
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